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A company has a web application that reads from and writes to an Amazon S3 bucket. The company needs to authenticate all S3 API calls with AWS credentials.
Which solution will provide the application with AWS credentials?
Answer : B
Amazon Cognito identity pools provide temporary AWS credentials by exchanging web identity tokens with AWS STS using AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity. According to AWS Certified Security -- Specialty documentation, this is the correct mechanism for granting applications AWS credentials.
User pools authenticate users but do not issue AWS credentials. Identity pools integrate with IAM roles and STS, enabling secure, temporary access to AWS services.
Referenced AWS Specialty Documents:
AWS Certified Security -- Specialty Official Study Guide
Amazon Cognito Identity Pools
AWS STS Web Identity Federation
A company requires a specific software application to be installed on all new and existing Amazon EC2 instances across an AWS Organization. SSM Agent is installed and active.
How can the company continuously monitor deployment status of the software application?
Answer : A
Continuous monitoring requires an always-on compliance service that evaluates resources over time. AWS Config provides managed rules that assess configuration state and compliance continuously. AWS Certified Security -- Specialty guidance highlights AWS Config for continuous compliance across accounts and regions when used with AWS Organizations. The ec2-managedinstance-applications-required managed rule evaluates whether specified software is installed on managed instances, leveraging Systems Manager inventory/managed instance status. By enabling AWS Config organization-wide and deploying this managed rule across all accounts, the company can continuously evaluate both existing and newly launched instances for required application presence. This provides a consistent compliance dashboard and history of compliance changes. Option D can provide inventory lists, but it is not a compliance rule engine that flags noncompliance with the same governance reporting and remediation pathways. Options B and C are operational approaches but do not provide continuous compliance state across the organization.
Referenced AWS Specialty Documents:
AWS Certified Security -- Specialty Official Study Guide
AWS Config Managed Rules for EC2 and SSM Managed Instances
AWS Organizations Integration with AWS Config
A company has a PHP-based web application that uses Amazon S3 as an object store for user files. The S3 bucket is configured for server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3). New requirements mandate full control of encryption keys.
Which combination of steps must a security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)
Answer : A, E, F
SSE-S3 uses AWS-managed keys and does not provide customer control. AWS Certified Security -- Specialty documentation states that SSE-KMS with customer managed keys allows full control, auditing, and key rotation. The security engineer must first create a customer managed KMS key, then update the bucket to use SSE-KMS. Existing objects must be re-encrypted to ensure compliance.
SSE-C requires the application to manage keys, increasing complexity and risk. AWS managed keys do not meet the requirement for customer-controlled encryption.
Referenced AWS Specialty Documents:
AWS Certified Security -- Specialty Official Study Guide
Amazon S3 Encryption Options
AWS KMS Customer Managed Keys
A company must capture AWS CloudTrail data events and must retain the logs for 7 years. The logs must be immutable and must be available to be searched by complex queries. The company also needs to visualize the data from the logs.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
Answer : A
AWS CloudTrail Lake is purpose-built to store, query, and analyze CloudTrail events, including data events, without requiring additional infrastructure. The AWS Certified Security -- Specialty documentation explains that CloudTrail Lake provides immutable event storage with configurable retention periods, including multi-year retention, which satisfies long-term compliance requirements such as 7-year retention. Events are stored in an append-only, immutable format managed by AWS, reducing operational complexity.
CloudTrail Lake supports SQL-based queries for complex analysis directly against the event data, eliminating the need to export logs to other services for querying. Additionally, CloudTrail Lake includes built-in dashboards and integrations that enable visualization of event trends and patterns without standing up separate analytics or visualization platforms.
Option B is invalid because CloudTrail Event History only retains events for up to 90 days and does not support long-term retention or advanced querying. Option C introduces high operational overhead and cost by requiring persistent Amazon EMR clusters and additional services. Option D incurs ongoing ingestion, indexing, and storage costs for OpenSearch Service over a 7-year period, making it less cost-effective than CloudTrail Lake.
AWS documentation positions CloudTrail Lake as the most cost-effective and operationally efficient solution for long-term, queryable CloudTrail event storage and visualization.
Referenced AWS Specialty Documents:
AWS Certified Security -- Specialty Official Study Guide
AWS CloudTrail Lake Architecture and Retention
AWS CloudTrail Data Events Overview
A company's security engineer receives an alert that indicates that an unexpected principal is accessing a company-owned Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. All the company's accounts are within an organization in AWS Organizations. The security engineer must implement a mitigation solution that minimizes compliance violations and investment in tools outside of AWS.
What should the security engineer do to meet these requirements?
Answer : C
Amazon SQS is a regional service that supports AWS PrivateLink through interface VPC endpoints. According to AWS Certified Security -- Specialty documentation, the most secure and compliant way to restrict access to AWS services is by using VPC endpoints combined with resource-based policies.
By creating interface VPC endpoints for Amazon SQS in all VPCs, traffic to SQS remains on the AWS network and does not traverse the public internet. Using the aws:SourceVpce condition in the SQS queue policy ensures that only requests originating from approved VPC endpoints can access the queue. Adding the aws:PrincipalOrgId condition further restricts access to principals that belong to the same AWS Organization.
Security groups and network ACLs do not apply to SQS because SQS is not deployed inside a VPC. Third-party CASB tools add cost and operational overhead.
Referenced AWS Specialty Documents:
AWS Certified Security -- Specialty Official Study Guide
Amazon SQS Security and VPC Endpoints
AWS Organizations Condition Keys
