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Optimization]
An ecommerce company uses Amazon ElastiCache (Redis OSS) for caching product queries. The CloudOps engineer observes a large number of cache evictions in Amazon CloudWatch metrics and needs to reduce evictions while retaining popular data in cache.
Which solution meets these requirements with the least operational overhead?
Answer : D
According to the AWS Cloud Operations and ElastiCache documentation, cache evictions occur when the cache runs out of memory and must remove items to make space for new data.
To reduce evictions and retain frequently accessed items, AWS recommends increasing the total available memory --- either by scaling up to larger node types or scaling out by adding shards/nodes. Migrating to a cluster with larger nodes is the simplest and most efficient solution because it immediately expands capacity without architectural changes.
Adjusting TTL (Options B and C) controls expiration timing, not memory allocation. Adding a single node (Option A) may help, but redistributing data requires resharding, introducing more complexity.
Thus, Option D provides the lowest operational overhead and ensures high cache hit rates by increasing total cache memory.
A company has a microservice that runs on a set of Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances run behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB).
A CloudOps engineer must use Amazon Route 53 to create a record that maps the ALB URL to example.com.
Which type of record will meet this requirement?
Answer : C
An alias record is the recommended Route 53 record type to map domain names (e.g., example.com) to AWS-managed resources such as an Application Load Balancer. Alias records are extension types of A or AAAA records that support AWS resources directly, providing automatic DNS integration and no additional query costs.
AWS documentation states:
''Use alias records to map your domain or subdomain to an AWS resource such as an Application Load Balancer, CloudFront distribution, or S3 website endpoint.''
A and AAAA records are used for static IP addresses, not load balancers. CNAME records cannot be used at the root domain (e.g., example.com). Thus, Option C is correct as it meets CloudOps networking best practices for scalable, managed DNS resolution to ALBs.
References (AWS CloudOps Documents / Study Guide):
* AWS Certified CloudOps Engineer -- Associate (SOA-C03) Exam Guide -- Domain 5: Networking and Content Delivery
* Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide -- Alias Records
* AWS Well-Architected Framework -- Reliability and Performance Efficiency Pillars
* Elastic Load Balancing -- Integrating with Route 53
A global gaming company is preparing to launch a new game on AWS. The game runs in multiple AWS Regions on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The instances are in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in each Region. The company plans to use Amazon Route 53 for DNS services. The DNS configuration must direct users to the Region that is closest to them and must provide automated failover.
Which combination of steps should a CloudOps engineer take to configure Route 53 to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
Answer : A, D
The combination of geoproximity routing and DNS failover health checks provides global low-latency routing with high availability.
Geoproximity routing in Route 53 routes users to the AWS Region closest to their geographic location, optimizing latency. For automatic failover, Route 53 health checks can monitor CloudWatch alarms tied to the health of the ALB in each Region. When a Region becomes unhealthy, Route 53 reroutes traffic to the next available Region automatically.
AWS documentation states:
''Use geoproximity routing to direct users to resources based on geographic location, and configure health checks to provide DNS failover for high availability.''
Option B incorrectly monitors EC2 instances directly, which is not efficient at scale. Option C uses private IPs, which cannot be globally health-checked. Option E (simple routing) does not support geographic or failover routing. Hence, A and D together meet both the proximity and failover requirements.
References (AWS CloudOps Documents / Study Guide):
* AWS Certified CloudOps Engineer -- Associate (SOA-C03) Exam Guide -- Domain 5: Networking and Content Delivery
* Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide -- Geoproximity Routing and DNS Failover
* AWS Well-Architected Framework -- Reliability Pillar
* Amazon CloudWatch Alarms -- Integration with Route 53 Health Checks
Optimization]
A CloudOps engineer is using AWS Compute Optimizer to generate recommendations for a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. Some of the instances use newly released instance types, while other instances use older instance types.
After the analysis is complete, the CloudOps engineer notices that some of the EC2 instances are missing from the Compute Optimizer dashboard.
What is the likely cause of this issue?
Answer : B
According to the AWS Cloud Operations and Compute Optimizer documentation, Compute Optimizer provides right-sizing recommendations by analyzing Amazon CloudWatch metrics and instance configuration data. However, AWS explicitly notes that only supported instance types are included in Compute Optimizer analyses. If an EC2 instance type is newly released or not yet supported by Compute Optimizer, it will not appear in the Compute Optimizer dashboard until official support is added.
The documentation explains that ''Compute Optimizer analyses only supported resource types and instance families. Instances using unsupported or newly launched instance types will not appear in the Compute Optimizer console.'' This ensures the service provides accurate recommendations based on sufficient performance history and benchmark data.
While CloudWatch metrics are required for analysis, the complete absence of instances from the dashboard --- rather than ''insufficient metric data'' notifications --- indicates unsupported instance types. Compute Optimizer would normally still display those with limited metrics but would flag them as ''insufficient data,'' not remove them entirely.
Therefore, the most accurate cause of missing instances in this case is that Compute Optimizer does not support the newly released instance types, making option B correct.
A company uses AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. A CloudOps engineer must identify all IPv4 ports open to 0.0.0.0/0 across the organization's accounts.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational effort?
Answer : B
According to AWS Cloud Operations and Governance documentation, AWS Trusted Advisor provides automated checks for security group rules across all accounts, including identifying ports open to 0.0.0.0/0.
When viewed in organizational mode, Trusted Advisor integrates with AWS Organizations, allowing administrators to access organization-wide security findings from a central management account. This approach requires no custom code, additional infrastructure, or manual inspection, providing immediate visibility and the lowest operational overhead.
AWS CLI scripts (Option A) or Lambda automation (Option C) introduce additional maintenance, and Amazon Inspector (Option D) is focused on instance-level vulnerabilities, not network access rules.
Therefore, Option B is the AWS-recommended CloudOps best practice for centralized and low-effort open-port auditing.
